A History of UK Unemployment Insurance
Unemployment Insurance has hit the headlines recently, mostly due to a rise in demand due to the recession, but also due to misselling of payment protection accident, sickess and unemployment insurance and the subsequent flood of claims.
As a concept the first type of Unemployment Insurance available in the UK was created by the Liberal Goverment of Lloyd George with the passing of the National Insurance Act in 1911.
The bill was introduced mainly to protect the two point five million workers in manual trades who along with their employers were required to pay into a central fund to cover the claims.
The payments were calculated on a sliding scale up to a maximum of seven shillings a week.
The cover period for which claims could be drawn was limited to one fifth of the period of contributions.
In other words you had to be in work and paying contributions or premiums for five years before you would be covered for unemployment that lasted a year.
The unemployed who did not qualify for cover or who had not been in work long enough had recourse to the Poor Law authorities which inevitably at this time still meant the workhouse for many unfortunates.
High premiums and poor cover, not a very good effort for the first Government led insurance scheme, but it did offer some protection to those in work, and coupled with the social change of the Edwardian period led to a new sense of Government social responsibility and a working class mentality that became the foundations of the Labour Party and eventually led to other social provisions such as the NHS.
This National Unemployment Insurance scheme proved to be inadequate to provide for the large numbers of unemployed and returning demobilised military, that followed the end of the First World War in 1918.
A temporary scheme of unemployment relief was designed to combat the suffering, which was known as the 'Out of Work Donation'.
This enabled a much larger payment of 29 shillings a week for men and 24 shillings for women to be made to claimants, with additional allowances for dependents, to most adults who registered as unemployed.
This was available for a strictly limited period, but the Government was forced to grant extensions as more and more servicemen were demobilised.
In 1920 the Unemployment Insurance Act was passed amid an mini economic recovery. The Act extended the provision of the 1911 Act to most workers earning less than £250 per year.
The period in which money could be claimed was shortened to one sixth of the period of payment contributions and for the first time a maximum cover period, during which benefits would be paid was set to 15 weeks.
The UK Economy changed radically for the worse early in 1921 and by the middle of the year unemployment exacerbated by the coal strike, was close to 20 per cent. Under these conditions, the contributory system and the one in six rule were untenable given the threat of political instability and civil unrest among the unemployed.
The Unemployment Insurance Act of March 1921 relaxed the 'one in six' rule by providing for the payment of 'uncovenanted' benefit without previous contributions. The intention was that benefits would be paid for a maximum of 32 weeks.
The 1921 Act also introduced for the first time what were effectively 'policy conditions' a 'seeking work' test for those claiming benefit.
Claimants had attend a labour exchange and show that they were genuinely seeking work and were obliged to accept any work paying a 'fair' wage - whatever that means!.
In February 1922 further conditions were introduced by way of a means test, aimed at restricting benefit payments. Some groups, such as single adults living with relatives, could be excluded unless it would cause serious hardship.
So what has gone wrong with the system of Nationalised Unemployment Insurance?
Jump forward sixty years to 1979 when Margaret Thatcher duped the nation into electing her with her infamous Labour isn't working campaign...
...only to return Britain to the largest number of Unemployed since the 1920's.
Under the Conservative Government of the 1980's the number of claimants for unemployment insurance far outweighed the resources being paid into the risk pool.
Civil unrest spread to every corner of the country in 1981 as the great unemployed sought vengeance on the Tory elite.
Unemployment Insurance now had to cover many millions who had never contributed to the system, not just those who had worked all their lives and paid their premiums. Fortunately for Mrs Thatcher she was able to pay for her mismanagement by squandering the proceeds of North Sea oil and keeping most of the nation at subsistence level.
So little had changed in sixty years. Out of this mess in the late 1980's was born a new private market for mortgage protection insurance for unemployment, aimed at the new home owing working classes and middle classes; and initiated by the banks and building societies, primarily to ensure that their mortgages got paid should the home owner lose their job.
Most of these policies were flawed in their design and have been subject to recent criticism leading to the mis-selling findings by the Competition Commission and large fines by the FSA.
To counter this the insurance industry came up with an income protection policy designed to protect the insured against unemployment for a fixed period and a fixed amount commensurate with the level of premium.
National Unemployment Insurance still exists in the form of job seekers allowance or income support whatever they wish to call it, today pays out very little, is still means tested although everyone has to still pay 'national insurance' contributions and has an excess period of 13 weeks before you can claim.
One thing that hasn't changed in nearly 100 years is that, if you are unfortunate enough to become unemployed - you can't rely on the Government to cover you!
In the current recession it is wise to protect yourself against unemployment with
income protection or
lifestyle insurance.
Very reasonably rated polices are available from independent suppliers such as Personal Accident.
Labels: income insurance, income payment protection insurance, income protection, income protection insurance, redundancy insurance, UK government, unemployment insurance
Payment Protection is the solution to National Debt management
InsuranceBlogger was calling for an overhaul of the way the Government manages unemployment back in November last year. The recent global economic events have seen record levels of unemployment in the UK. Now one of the UK's leading experts on the cost of Unemployment and lobbyist for the prevention of the mis-selling of
Payment Protection Insurancehas stepped in with some interesting comments....
PPI Should Have Been Included in Government's Debt Management White Paper Says BurgessLast week's Government announcement that consumers are to get their own 'champion' in the form of a consumer advocate and benefit from a raft of measures to help them better manage their debts is to be applauded says Payment Protection Insurance lobbyist Sara-Ann Burgess from specialist firm Burgesses, but time will tell whether the theory works well in practice.
Braintree, Essex (
PRWEB) July 6, 2009 -- Last week's Government announcement that consumers are to get their own 'champion' in the form of a consumer advocate and benefit from a raft of measures to help them better manage their debts is to be applauded says Payment Protection Insurance lobbyist Sara-Ann Burgess from specialist firm Burgesses (http://www.burgesses.com), but time will tell whether the theory works well in practice.
In its White Paper 'A better deal for consumers - delivering real help now and change for the future' - the Government is proposing to appoint an advocate who will raise awareness of national issues and represent groups of consumers in court to help them seek compensation and refunds.
It's banning credit card cheques - blank cheques that are sent to card holders who are encouraged to use them as an alternative spending tool. These involve handling fees and contrary to credit cards, there are no interest free periods and no protection if something goes wrong.
Other debt-management measures include; preventing card providers increasing limits without their customers' consent, launching a new online credit card comparison tool, courtesy of the Financial Services Authority, assessing whether monthly card minimum repayments are too low (and so allow debts and accrued interest costs to spiral) and reviewing high cost credit providers (50% + APR) who offer credit over the doorstep or via payday loans.
There are also plans to assist people who are at risk from rogue traders - they will be supported by a team formed to tackle internet-based scams and a review of protection for consumers who pay for goods but are not delivered due to the company going into liquidation.
"All of these recommendations sound great," says Sara-Ann, "but unless the advocate has real power, he or she will not deter credit card providers from encouraging customers to plunge deeper into debt and it will probably take years to implement as there will be a consultation period."
The Government predicts its advocate will be in post early next year, but concedes the appointee will have no legal power as consultation and a new law would be needed to allow this to happen.
Sara-Ann comments: "I'm interested to see how fast the Government will tackle rogue trader issues as it's done little to address widespread mis-selling in the PPI sector for years. As a result of its sluggish response, consumers have sunk further into debt via prolific sales of single premium PPI, where the cost of the premium is included in the final loan amount and interest added onto both, complaints to the Financial Ombudsman Service have escalated, group actions are now being undertaken and providers have a free rein to increase their prices and restrict their cover.
"I wonder how long the White Paper review period will last for? The PPI sector has been under scrutiny for around four years now and the deadline for the Competition Commission's remedial measures isn't until April and October next year - some five years after the Citizens Advice Bureau first identified that features of the PPI market were seriously harming the interests of consumers."
She continues: "Given the continued failings that have been allowed to occur within the PPI sector, I'm sceptical about how effective these measures and the role of the advocate will be. I hope I'm proved wrong and sweeping changes are made to stop consumers being encouraged to spend beyond their means, but I would equally like to see greater PPI mis-selling clampdowns and more advice on how to shop around for cover."
Sara-Ann believes PPI is an effective debt prevention tool as it will repay monthly credit card bills for up to a year in the event the holder loses an income due to accident, sickness or unemployment and would have liked to see reference made to this product in the White Paper.
She concludes: "It only takes a couple of months of missed credit card payments to build up debts which is why this cover is so useful. Credit card providers should be pressurised into offering this cover free of charge to their customers or allow them to purchase at reduced rates.
"It's a shame the Government didn't consider
Payment Protection Insurance in its measures to tackle indebtedness - instead it's left to online independent providers such as
Burgesses and
British Insurance () to ensure quality cover is affordable and accessible to all. Premiums are calculated per £100 of monthly benefit and firms such as these two charge £1.90 per £100 for accident and sickness cover, £3.40 per £100 for unemployment and £3.90 per £100 for all three - well below other providers' premiums."
Anyone looking for Credit Card Payment Protection should opt for a policy that pays off all or part of the credit card debt, dependant on the amount of benefit purchased. Older-style policies tend to only pay a proportion of the total credit card bill, usually the outstanding minimum payment. "
........and while we are on the subject of Credit Cards. Lord Mandelson - please bring the extortionate rates charged by the UK banks into line with the other forms of credit in the UK. The credit card debt is stopping the so called green shoots of recovery!
Labels: income payment protection insurance, insurance news, PPI, redundancy insurance, UK government, unemployment, unemployment insurance
Mis-Sold Payment Protection Insurance? Claim It Back Now!
Have You Been Mis-Sold Payment Protection Insurance?
If you took out a loan, mortgage or credit card from a bank or building society in the UK the chances are that you were mis-sold payment protection insurance or PPI as it is often known. The law has now changed and it is possible to reclaim all your payments in full plus in some cases, damages, usually at no cost to yourself through a so called no win no fee agreement..
The types of policies that were mis-sold were
mortgage protection, loan payment protection insurance, Credit card insurance and in some cases and
income protection.
Whether you qualify to claim depends very much upon when you were mis-sold the policy. The new law only covers payment protection insurance policies sold after January 2005. However, many lawyers will pursue on you behalf policies sold before the cut off date, and in many cases recover your payments. there are numerous no-win no-fee law firms starting up to pursue these errant banks and lenders through the UK courts in what has become a multi-billion dollar business.
The good news for the claimant is that these law firms handle everything for you and the only contribution you have to make is confirming the mis-selling took place and banking the check.
You are eligible to claim through the UK courts against a lender who mis-sold you payment protection insurance if you can satisfy any one of the following 13 conditions.
1. The PPI was added without your express agreement or knowledge.
2. The sales staff or person selling the mortgage or loan insurance was coercive, pushy and strongly advised you to take out the PPI cover.
3. You were told you had to take the payment insurance.
4. You were told you could not get the mortgage without MPPI.
5. You were told you could not get the loan without loan payment protection insurance.
6. The cover you were offered was included in the loan or mortgage
7. You knew you were soon to be unemployed.
8. You were self-employed when the payment protection was sold to you.
9. You were retired or over the age limit for PPi cover which is usually 65.
10. You were not asked about any pre-existing medical conditions that you may have suffered from.
11. You were not told that pre-existing medical conditions could affect your insurance cover.
12. You were not informed that the UK's two largest problems for time of work, namely stress and back problems were excluded from the insurance/ or you informed the lenders staff about your medical condition but was not warned that this would affect the protection insurance cover in the event of a claim.
13. You were not asked if you already had any existing mortgage protection or loan insurance in place elsewhere or employer benefits that would cover my repayments.
If any of the above instances apply to you , you have probably been mis-sold payment protection cover and need to contact a solicitor or specialist lawyer who will claim on your behalf. Act now as there may well be additional time limitations put in place as the number of claims rises.
To learn more about
mortgage protection insurance and how to make a successful claim visit Personal Accident plc.
For the latest news of the cheapest
payment protection insurance available from independent UK suppliers visit the Payment Protection Insurance News website run by specialist provider Burgesses.com.
Insurance Blogger would like to thank Dave for the original Article Source:
http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Dave_Healey http://EzineArticles.com/?Have-You-Been-Mis-Sold-Payment-Protection-Insurance?&id=2417542Labels: claims, cover, income payment protection insurance, income protection, loan protection insurance, loans, mortgage, mortgage payment protection, mortgage protection, mppi, PPI
Understanding UK Payment Protection Insurance
Understanding Payment Protection Insurance Cover in the UK
On Monday, Building Societies and Banks will no longer be allowed to sell payment protection insurance at the point of sale.
They will also be banned from selling lump sum upfront single premium policies. This article explains the principles of PPI and how best to purchase it given the recent legislation and changes in the UK economy.
If you have ever bought a new car or a large flat screen television the chances are you paid for it with some type of finance plan, credit card or credit facility, or loan. Apart from being offered a breakdown warranty, in the past you may well have been offered an insurance plan to cover the repayments of the credit should something terrible befall you. This is the basis of
payment protection insurance or PPI as it is commonly known.
What does PPI cover? Payment protection is widely available these days to cover all forms of credit or borrowing. Loan protection products are sold that either individually or collectively cover credit cards, bank loans, car finance and all other monthly payments and outgoings. Until recently you may well have been offered this type of cover when you took out the loan or credit card; however this was made illegal in 2009 after a long enquiry by the Competition Committee looking into the restrictive practices of the major high street banks and lenders. Consequently payment insurance premiums and plans have become a lot cheaper now that independent suppliers have entered the market.
If you own a house under a mortgage you can purchase what is known as Mortgage Payment Protection Insurance or MPPI. This type of plan though often cheaper, will only cover the monthly mortgage payments.
Other protection insurance products are available, the most common being those that cover your salary or income often known as Income Payment Protection Insurance or lifestyle cover. With these types of products you are not limited to agreed repayments and can spend the income benefits as you would your salary or wages.
What does PPI cover you against? All payment protection products cover you against and will pay a monthly sum to protect your payments, in the event of you suffering from one or a combination of accident, sickness or unemployment.
It is possible to buy these as standalone covers, although accident cover is more often than not sold alongside sickness cover. Unemployment Insurance cover, which protects you against sudden redundancy or unemployment is often sold by itself but because of the nature of the risk, commands a much higher premium.
How long does protection insurance cover you for?The length of time of the cover is dependent upon how long someone wants the benefits to be payable for in the event of a claim. This varies by insurance company and is often only for twelve months although some of the better more flexible providers offer cover for up to 24 months, at a premium. It should be noted that this type of insurance is viewed by the providing companies as an invaluable short term solution to life's difficulties and not the correct type of cover for long term illness or disability, for example.
Purchasing payment protection coverWith so many offerings in the market it is a worthwhile exercise to shop around for cover. Most independent suppliers have online applications that literally only take a few seconds to complete. You normally have to supply you age, and how much benefit you would like each month.
When buying you will need to decide how long you wish to wait after you become sick or unemployed, before you start to receive the monthly benefits. This is known as an excess period and you will normally be offered periods of 30, 60 or even 90 days. Obviously the longer you wait the cheaper the monthly premiums will be! Look out for companies offering back to day one cover which will pay you back to day one of your claim once the excess period has passed.
When comparing payment protection insurance plans it is necessary to find one that will cover all of your monthly outgoings. Many providers have different limits and it is important that you find one that will not leave you with a shortfall for repayments!
As with purchasing all types of insurance, but particularly with payment protection cover, it is very important that you check that you are you eligible for cover and not excluded under the policy conditions, which are often more rigorous than for other types of cover.
When comparing payment protection plans for
Mortgage Payment Protection Insurance and
Income Protection Insurance it is sensible to visit a large respectable, independent supplier such as PPI Insurer of the Year
Burgesses.com for advice and quotes. Burgesses offer a vast array of information and online quotes backed up by a useful helpline of experts.
The Original Article Source and more information about purchasing specialist insurance can be found at:
http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Dave_Healeyhttp://EzineArticles.com/?Understanding-Payment-Protection-Insurance-Cover&id=2394609Labels: income payment protection insurance, loan payment protection insurance, mortgage payment protection insurance
